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Lesson 3: How Does Air and Wind Affect Rocket Flight?

In science, we often pretend that the world has perfect or ideal conditions where we ignore the effects of wind and air. In the real world, these factors must be accounted for when conducting investigations. Water rockets fly quite differently when there is air and wind than if no air or wind were present. No need to hold your breath, there will be plenty of air and wind for your study.

Here are some definitions to help you in your investigation.

Force - a push or pull on something

Friction - a force that opposes the motion of something

Air resistance - friction due to something colliding with air particles

Energy - the ability to do work

Kinetic energy - energy due to the motion of something

Doing the science

  1. Start the Water Rockets Simulation by clicking on the “Simulation” tab.
  2. Make the following selections:

    Angle: 30°

    Fluid Volume: 200 mL

    Pumps: 4

    Fluid Type: Methanol

    Air: Off

    Wind: Off

  3. Click on the Launch button.
  4. Record the flight distance in meters in Table 1.
  5. Click on the RESET button.
  6. Repeat steps 2-5 with all of the options described in column 1 of Table 1. To change the direction of the wind, click the orange arrow in the top right hand corner of the screen.

Table 1.

Air and Wind

Flight Distance (m)

Air: Off Wind: Off

Air: On Wind: Off

Air: On Wind: On -10 km/hr

Air: On Wind: On 10 km/hr

Do You Understand?

  1. What combination of air and wind produced the greatest flight distance along the ground?


  2. What combination of air and wind produced the shortest flight distance along the ground?


  3. Predict the distance traveled by the rocket at wind speeds of -20 km/hr and +20 km/hr.

    At -20 km/hr = ________ m



  4. Predict the distance traveled by the rocket at wind speeds of -20 km/hr and +20 km/hr.

    At +20 km/hr = ________ m



  5. What is meant by a wind speed having a negative (-) value?


  6. What force was causing the rocket to lose speed as it flew through the air without the wind blowing?


  7. Since energy cannot be created or lost, what happened to the kinetic energy of the rocket when the rocket lost speed?